Volume 3

This study examines hormone secretions in a rabbit model to identify the effects of oral administration of ZnO nanoparticles on the thyroid gland and testes. For this purpose, thirty healthy rabbits were acclimatized and divided into control, experimental group 1 (EG1) and 2 (EG2). These groups were examined for 50mg/Kg and 75mg/Kg nanoparticle dosages. Experimental groups lose weight, while control doesn’t. Both groups had non-significantly lower Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), triiodothyronine (T3) and Thyroxine (T4) levels. EG1 and EG2 had considerably lower testosterone levels on the 20th and 10th days of trials, respectively. In the experimental group, nanoparticles caused seminiferous tubule degeneration and germinal epithelium sloughing or depletion. Histology was normal in the control group. This present study provides a glimpse into the toxicity of nanoparticles; a more in-depth analysis using various animal models is needed.

IoT is one of the most commonly used and emerging technology. It has been used for resolving many issues in daily life. In this paper, we are going to address the security issues in smart health and how we can resolve them by using blockchain technology. Blockchain is evolving rapidly which deals in blocks of data. By using this attribute, we can partially grant access to data to a specific user by identifying their roles in that certain activity.  Although there are already many derived solutions by other researchers, we will follow the combination of RFID and EHR techniques of blockchain to propose a better solution to solve this security challenge.

Zooplanktons are an integral part of any water reservoir, whether freshwater or marine. They are linked in food chains and the food web of a water ecosystem. Some zooplanktons are food for other zooplankton types. The diversity and density of these creatures are affected by eutrophication and changes in Physico-chemical parameters. Some species of zooplanktons are found in eutrophic water bodies. They are important bio-indicators, and their presence reflects the eutrophic condition of any water body. These organisms have a worldwide distribution, playing a pivotal role in shaping the whole community structure of any water reservoir and unfolding the close connections of various trophic levels. The present study explores the density and diversity of various types of zooplankton found in Safari Zoo Lake, Lahore. The study on an artificial lake with lesser water replacement pictured different zooplankton groups, including copepod, tintinnids, cladoceran and rotifers with many larger animals, which affected the overall zooplankton population. Since Physico-chemical parameters also affect the density and diversity of zooplankton, water samples were collected to measure various parameters every month. A very low density and diversity of zooplanktons were recorded during this study, where rotifers were the most abundant. The lake condition showed eutrophication getting support from bio-indicator species like Brachionus calyciflorus

Artificial intelligence technologies are now advancing swiftly and providing us with a variety of opportunities. The completion of analysis, predicting, and acknowledgment. In recent years, the field of computer vision has become one of highly exciting research. In this paper, we have compared three famous face detectors model, used for face recognition; Dlib, MTCNN, and FaceNet. We have conducted serious of experiments to compare the detection speed and accuracy for above mentioned detectors. FaceNet is the fastest among others without loss in recognition accuracy on commodity hardware.

Fabrication and commercial application of nano-hydroxyapatite synthetic bioceramic compound is being implemented immensely worldwide in medicine, dentistry, and ceramic industries. In this experimental study, nano-hydroxyapatite has been prepared through the sol-gel method and doped with nano-silica, nano-alumina, and sodium zeolite. The main objective of this study is to improve the properties of nano-hydroxyapatite doped with nanoparticles of different metal oxides for load-bearing orthopaedic applications. The metal oxides have been doped in pure nano-hydroxyapatite by two different methods: physical attachment and chemical methods. After blending these metal oxides in nano-hydroxyapatite powder, comprehensive characterizations of compositional, structural, morphological, thermal, and mechanical properties have been determined through X-ray diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscope, Raman Spectroscopy, Thermogravimetric Analysis, respectively. The experimental outcomes revealed that all properties of the nano-hydroxyapatite material have been improved significantly with doping of metal oxides while nano-alumina was the most effective metal oxide.

Aluminium alloy target samples were irradiated with different number of shots of Nd-YAG laser ranging from 100 to 500 with incremental steps of 100 shots under vacuum (10^-6 torr). The optical, structural and tensile properties of Al (Alloy) irradiated by Nd-YAG laser were investigated by optical microscope, X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and tensile testing machine. Laser ablation of the specimen resulted in boiling, splashing and crater formation on its surface. The crater size increases initially and then decrease gradually by increasing number of laser shots. The crater depth of laser irradiated Al (Alloy) increased by enhancing the laser shots. An anomalous trend of crystallite size, peak intensity, and dislocation line density of the irradiated specimen with different number of shots was observed by XRD comparison analysis. Mechanical properties of both irradiated and un-irradiated specimens were investigated using tensile testing machine. The average value of surface hardness 28.4 MPa of un-irradiated specimens 10.56819/pjest.v3i2.81was found. Increasing the number of laser shots, ultimate tensile strength and fracture strength were also varying.

The Temporal and Spatial dispersal of copepods were studied from October 2012 to August 2013 at Jallo lake wildlife park, Lahore. Water samples were collected in the last week of every month. A total of ten species belonging to seven orders, including nauplius larvae, were identified. The physicochemical parameters were observed, i.e., water and air temperature, oxygen saturation, pH, transparency, dissolved oxygen and conductivity. ANOVA was applied to all the physicochemical parameters. It  and was found to be highly significant for all parameters (P= 0.000, α = 0.05) except for the transparency. Copepod diversity and density was at its peak in June. Pearson correlation was applied between the physicochemical parameters and copepods. Air temperature (0.835), water temperature (0.729), and conductivity (0.840) were positively correlated, whereas dissolved oxygen (-0.759), oxygen saturation (-0.725), transparency (-0.401), and pH (-0.471) were negatively correlated. The quantity of the Shannon Weaver index and Simpson index was studied and calculated every month, showing fluctuations during the study period.

The rise in energy crisis required clean and suitable energy resources with higher efficiency. Due to large availability of the solar light, energy generation from solar energy is considered as one of the most suitable energy generation method. However, certain environmental factors affect the efficiency of the solar energy generation from solar panel using photo-voltaic effect. In this work, a parametric estimation is carried out using a fuzzy rule-based system to study the impact of various environmental factors including temperature, humidity and wind velocity on the output solar PV efficiency. All the factors equally impact the efficiency of the solar panel resulting in affecting the efficiency of the solar panel. The simulated and calculated results are compared which shows error less than 1%, which shows the accuracy of the soft computing technique (fuzzy rule based system).